Health Applications
- Menopause
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
History and Traditional
Use
Black cohosh root was used by Native Americans for
conditions such as rheumatism, sore throat, and
menstrual difficulties. Herbalists recommend it as an
astringent, diuretic, antidiarrheal, cough
suppressant, and for other uses.1 In
Europe, black cohosh root is prescribed for
premenstrual syndrome and to alleviate menopausal
symptoms.2
Chemical Composition
The active constituents in black cohosh root are a
group of compounds known as triterpene glycosides, of
which 16 have been isolated and identified.3
Black cohosh root extracts are commonly standardized
to contain 5 percent triterpene glycosides.
PMS/Menopause
Germany's Commission E has approved black cohosh root
for treatment of premenstrual discomfort, painful
menstruation, and menopausal symptoms.2
Although there is little scientific data to
substantiate the efficacy of black cohosh for PMS or
painful menstruations, research suggests that the herb
may be effective for menopausal symptoms such as hot
flashes, profuse sweating, sleep disruption, and
depressive moods.4-6
Dosage/Toxicity
For menopausal symptoms, a common recommendation is 1
to 2 grams per day of powdered dried root,7
or extracts providing the equivalent. Black cohosh has
no known toxicity and is generally well tolerated at
this dosage range, although a small percentage of
users may experience gastric discomfort. Intake of
very high dosages (5 grams) can cause vomiting,
headache, dizziness, limb pains, and lowered blood
pressure.8
MORE INFORMATION:
Research Indicates
- Studies indicate possible menopausal and
post- menopausal symptom relief
- Has phytoestrogenic properties
- May support healthy joint function
- May support healthy inflammatory response
BACKGROUND: The herb black cohosh (Cimicifuga
racemosa L.) has been used as a traditional remedy for
easing menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes. Like
other herbs, black cohosh may be a rich source of
antioxidants, which may prevent free radical-induced
DNA mutations involved in cancer development.
RESEARCH: In a series of experiments,
researchers tested the overall activity of black
cohosh extract, as well as the antioxidant activity of
10 individual compounds found in black cohosh, in the
presence of menadione, a chemical
known to cause free radical damage. These experiments
were performed in breast cancer cells.
RESULTS: The experiments demonstrated
that black cohosh extract is a potent
antioxidant. In addition, six of the ten principal
constituents also reduced the levels of DNA
damage in breast cancer cells.
IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this
study suggest that black cohosh may protect
against cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen
species by acting as an antioxidant. The
identification of new agents and sources of
antioxidant compounds may help provide protection
against oxidation-related diseases, such as aging,
cancer, and inflammation. Burdette JE, Chen SN, Lu ZZ,
et al, "Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.)
protects against menadione-induced DNA damage through
scavenging of reactive oxygen species:
bioassay-directed isolation and characterization of
active principles," Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 2002; 50:7022-7028.
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PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION
